"I feel television has died. It's such a make-the-doughnuts mentality. It's about finding 48 minutes of material so you can have 12 minutes of good commercials. If they thought they could get good commercials out of 10 people being naked and spinning on their heads in the middle of an island, that's what they'll do."

- Hill Harper (City of Angels) in TV Guide Online

 



The Purpose of TV



"Cable aside, the television industry is not in the business of selling programs to audiences. It is in the business of selling audiences to advertisers. Issues of "quality" and "social responsibility" are entirely peripheral to the issue of maximizing audience size within a competitive market."

 


There are many ways to talk about television. But in a "Business" perspective, let's be realistic : basicaly, TF1's job is to help Coca-Cola sell its product, for instance. To make the advertising message well received, the audience's brain must be available. Our shows are here to make the brain available, to entertain it, to relax it, to prepare it between two messages. What we're selling to Coca-Cola is available human brain time. Nothing is as difficult as getting this availability. ~ Patrick Le Lay, CEO of TF1, the main french TV-channel



Extremely strong brands - MTV, VH1, Paramount, Nickelodeon and E! - that allow us a fantastic relationship with those 'hard-to-reach' audiences. Our working mantra is: insight, ideas, partnership. We focus on advertising effectiveness, which means we care about results.   How important is programming to children within this?   Strong programming is essential in delivering the audience and representing the brand values.

 



 


Selling Cool

 

”We the people have somehow lost our ability to create our own cool, and now we are getting our cool from corporations who use celebrities like Britney Spears and all kinds of devices to sell us a pseudo cool.“


The Manchurian consumer: are you authentic? (II)

 

This Post is So Mayo

 

"If it makes consumers feel good to avoid Big Brother, if it makes them feel good to think they are fighting against the system, the system will sell them that feeling."

 

Ben Stiller builds on a media-created identity, as well as the training of a 'hip' audience, in order to romanticize the consumerism of the poor leisure class.

 


 

 


Consumerism


Watch not, want not? Kids' TV time tied to consumerism

 

"In my research I find each added hour of TV watched increases a consumer's annual spending by roughly $200 per year. So, an average level of TV watching of 15 hours a week equals nearly $3,000 per year."


Watch TV and Go Into Debt

 

"And as the advertising industry increasingly aims commercial pitches directly at the very young, more and more companies are turning to child psychologists to help them hone their message."

 

"Advertising and marketing firms have long used the insights and research methods of psychology in order to sell products, of course. But today these practices are reaching epidemic levels, and with a complicity on the part of the psychological profession that exceeds that of the past. The result is an enormous advertising and marketing onslaught that comprises, arguably, the largest single psychological project ever undertaken. Yet, this great undertaking remains largely ignored by the American Psychological Association."

 

Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous: Does Television Make Us More Materialistic?

 

"The real concerns of yesterday's poor have become the imagined concerns of today's rich," said Dr Hamilton. "This 'deprivation syndrome' induces politicians to distort policy to reduce the burden of taxation and increase public payments to wealthy households."

 

Buying Happiness: The Depressing Reality of Materialism

 

Advertising and Free Will

 





Neuromarketing


There has not been nearly enough studies on the effects of television (the medium) on the brain.  The exception to this is the Advertising Industry which has done quite a bit of research on the effects of TV advertising using MRI and EEG machines.  They know that TV advertising, unlike print advertising bypasses our critical faculties and go directly to our emotions.

 

"By scanning the brains of volunteers, advertisers can discover which brands consumers respond to. It's perfectly legal but is it ethical? Our correspondent reports on the controversial practice of neuromarketing"

 

Popular Brands May Brand the Brain

 

This Is Your Brain on Advertising

 

Coming to a marketer near you: Brain scanning

 

Companies spend billions on marketing campaigns, but neuroscientists could someday determine which ads best capture consumers' attention

 

MRI - Coke Versus Pepsi

 

Brain scans are helping advertisers find out how to light up customers' brains

 

"There's a Sucker Born in Every Medial Prefrontal Cortex"

 

MRI Analysis of Superbowl Ads

 

Neuromarketing

 

Brain Sells

 

Subliminal Advertising Leaves Its Mark On The Brain

 

Subliminal Messages Can Influence People In Surprising Ways


Humans Can Learn from Subliminal Cues Alone



 

 


Passive Learning


Herbert Krugman: Learning Without Involvement



 

 


Priming


"Unintended consequences? Food ads automatically prime eating in children and adults" - Lucid Thoughts (Oct 2009)

 

The Subconscious Brain - Who’s Minding the Mind?

 


 

 

 

It's not just TV commercials that effect our behavior, but also the shows themselves.

 

Yet more interesting than the overwhelming volume of viewers was the effect the show had on the audience

 

"These dramas capitalize on psychologists' knowledge of the powerful--and sometimes scary--influences television can have on children and adults."

 

"The most common (and pervasive) examples of social learning situations are television commercials. Commercials suggest that drinking a certain beverage or using a particular hair shampoo will make us popular and win the admiration of attractive people. Depending upon the component processes involved (such as attention or motivation), we may model the behavior shown in the commercial and buy the product being advertised. "

 

Reese's Pieces And E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial

 

"REALITY TV shows are fuelling Britain's record-breaking £50 billion-a-year gambling habit."

 

Social Norms Marketing

 

 

 


Product Placement / Branded Entertainment

 

Product placements in movies: When they work, and when they don't - Cognitive Daily

 

Advertisers Up The Ante As Products Become TV Plots - CCFC


Product placement - Wikipedia


Product placement - Source Watch


Branded entertainment - Wikipedia

 

Product placement - Center for Media and Democracy

 

Product placement in the DVR era - Using Irony to Sell

 

Product placement - How Stuff Works


There's something rotten about Enchanted. - Slate

 

Sundance First: Net Hires Exec To Sell Advertisers Branded Entertainment - Media Daily News


Has hidden advertising gone too far? - CS Monitor

 

Hell No, Merlot: 'Sideways' Alters Wine Market - Fox News

 

Television today disproportionately portrays the super well-off - who am i ?



 

 


DVD


"Against almost every expectation, nearly half of all people watching delayed shows are still slouching on their couches watching messages about movies, cars and beer. According to Nielsen, 46 percent of viewers 18 to 49 years old for all four networks taken together are watching the commercials during playback, up slightly from last year."

 


 

 


The Third-Person Effect


This Under-the-Radar (pdf) article makes a very good point that while people will recognize that the media can have large effects on others, they tend to discount it's effects on themselves.  This is called the third-person effect.   This effect helps to explain, I think, the public's blaze attitude towards television, and advertising in general.



 

 


Using Irony to Sell


Boxed In: The Culture of TV (1988)

         

Interview with Boxed In Author Mark Cristin Miller


"There was a magazine in 1934 launched, it was called Bunk... its main purpose, the raison d'Νtre was to make fun of advertising, and all it was, was a series of parody ads, ya know. Now. Inside of two years, Bunk had become a premier advertising vehicle, you see? In other words, the advertiser had himself learned how to knock the product. The advertiser had learned to dispense with a kind of reference, solemnity, that had characterized a lot of advertising up to the '20s. Now a kind of jeering skepticism seemed to be called for. That was a very important lesson. One of the things I want to demonstrate in Boxed In is the ways in which both our political leaders and our mass advertisers have managed to use television to put across the same kind of calculated derision as a way to make people think that they see through things and to flatter the people for apparently seeing through things, but the point is that that penetration is only superficial, and doesn't really constitute a seeing-through."


Product placement in the DVR era


I believe this is the conceit of Media Literacy, that if you are smart, sophisticated and well-informed you won't get suckered. Instead, unlike the gullible public, you'll be savvy enough to see through any media manipulations.



 

 


Marketing to Children


"Children are big business. And that means my daughter is a popular kid these days. Taco Bell wants her, and so do McDonald's and Burger King. Abercrombie & Fitch has a whole store devoted to her. Pert Plus has a shampoo she'll love. Ethan Allen is creating bedroom sets she can't live without. ALPO even wants to sell her dog food. Even while I, like all American parents, am held responsible for the safety and behavior of my preteen, corporations spend over $12 billion each year to bombard her incessantly with messages that undermine my efforts."

 

Companies are accused of routinely hiring child and consumer psychologists to "help them target children effectively", with devastating consequences for the health and wellbeing of youngsters.


"A report of the American Psychological Association (APA) released today found evidence that the proliferation of sexualized images of girls and young women in advertising, merchandising, and media is harmful to girls' self-image and healthy development."


The Stepford Kids

 

"What most surprised me were the results I got from my study, which found that the more kids are exposed to consumer culture, they likelier they are to become depressed, suffer from anxiety, or experience low self-esteem. I would have thought it was the other way around — that consumer culture was the symptom, not the cause."


Channel One

 

Channel One - How Much Remembered?

 

Consuming Kids: Protecting Our Children from the Onslaught of Marketing & Advertising

 

Watch Not, Want Not? Packard/Stanford Study Links Kids' TV Time and Consumerism

 

Effects of Reducing Television Viewing on Children's Requests for Toys: A Randomized Controlled Trial

 

Childhood for Sale: Consumer Culture's Bid for Our Kids

 

A Review of "Buy, Buy Baby: How Consumer Culture Manipulates Parents and Harms Young Minds"

 

Research shows that children under the age of eight are unable to critically comprehend televised advertising messages and are prone to accept advertiser messages as truthful, accurate and unbiased.

 

"A comparison group of children from Sweden, where advertising to children is not permitted, asked for significantly fewer items. It is argued that English children who watch more TV, and especially those who watch alone, may be socialised to become consumers from a very early age. "

 

"Identifying determinants of young children's brand awareness: Television, parents, and peers " - Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology   (April 2005)

 

"Nine out of ten food advertisements shown during Saturday morning children's television programming are for foods of poor nutritional quality, according to researchers at the Center for Science in the Public Interest and the University of Minnesota." - Science Daily (April 2008)


"Spanish-language television is bombarding children with so many fast-food commercials that it may be fueling the rising obesity epidemic among Latino youth, according to research led by pediatricians from the Johns Hopkins Children's Center." - Science Daily (Feb 2008)

 

TV Food Ads Misleading Kids

 

TV Ads Add Pounds to Our Kids

 

TV ads contribute to child obesity

 

Researchers Say Prime Time for Kids Has Heavy Advertising for High-Sugar Foods

 

"A report published this month confirms that television is effective in getting children to eat the foods advertised"

 

"Children’s television networks show 76 percent more food commercials per hour than other networks – and most of them are for high-fat, high-sugar foods, according to a new study." - Food Navigator (Nov 2009)

 

Other Countries Restrict Advertising to Children

 

Today’s children are unique in many ways from previous generations, but perhaps the most influencing on our young children today is Television advertisements.



 

 


Consumerism -- The World's Fastest Growing Religion


Advertising teaches us that enhancing the self should be your most important goal in life.


- "Because you're worth it !"


- "Because you deserve it !"


- "You should do something just for yourself"


- "You deserve to treat yourself"


Is it any wonder "that those born after 1970 are more self-centered, more disrespectful of authority and more depressed than ever before." 



 

 


Advertising


The inner Doughboy

 

How Advertising Works

 

There Are 12 Kinds of TV Ads in the World

 

"Slipping Under the Radar: Advertising and the Mind" An excellent overview of the scientific research on the effects of Advertising. (pdf)


The presidential hopeful from Arkansas loves pop culture and Chuck Norris. Has Huckabee made irony the stalking horse for social conservatism?


"Authors Jonah Berger (University of Pennsylvania) and Lindsay Rand (Stanford University) found that linking a risky behavior with an "outgroup" (a group that the targeted audience doesn't want to be confused with) caused participants to reduce unhealthy behaviors."






Recommended Books


The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don't Need (1999)

  Interview with Overspent Author

 

Boxed In: The Culture of TV (1988)

  Interview with Boxed In Author

 

Consuming Kids: Protecting Our Children from the Onslaught of Marketing & Advertising


Born to Buy: The Commercialized Child and the New Consumer Culture (2005)

  Article by Born to Buy Author

  Interview with Born to Buy Author




 



Video Game Advertising



Advergaming

 


 

 

 

 





Recommended Websites


Bowling Alone 


Break Free… of TV 


Campaign For A Commercial-Free Childhood


Ellen Currey Wilson – The Big Turnoff 


I’m Missing All Of My Shows 


Instead of TV 


Media by Choice


Plato's Cave 


Screen Time 


Screen Time – Forum 


Television vs Children 


The Television Project


Trash Your TV 


Trash Your TV – Blog 


Turn Off Your TV 


TV Free Living 


TV Stinks 


Unplug Your Kids 


White Dot 


White Dot – Forum 



Recommended Articles


"Television Addiction Is No Mere Metaphor"

 

University of Otago research

 

Unplug Your Brain - by Jerry Mander

 

Why Turnoff Completely

 

What They Don't Want You To Know About Television and Videos


Strangers in Our Homes: TV and Our Children's Minds

 

Excerpted from Endangered Minds - Kids' Brains Must Be Different

 

1000 studies over 30 years

 

selling audiences to advertisers

 

How TV Teaches Stupidity

 

8 Changes I Experienced After Giving Up TV

 

Brainwaves and Nasa

 

Newsweek is Bad for Kids

 

Bowling Alone - The Strange Disappearance of Civic America

 

TV, Democracy and Torture

 

The Assault on Reason

 

Twilight of the Books

 

Evolution Of Despair

 

Alzheimer's & TV

 

Preventing Obesity

 

Trained to Kill

 

Mind-altering media

 

Effects of TV - Before & After

 

Eight Reasons Why TV is Evil


"What most surprised me were the results I got from my study, which found that the more kids are exposed to consumer culture, they likelier they are to become depressed, suffer from anxiety, or experience low self-esteem. I would have thought it was the other way around — that consumer culture was the symptom, not the cause."